Choosing a healthcare provider can be confusing, especially when you encounter different medical degrees like DO and MD. Both Doctors of Osteopathic Medicine (DOs) and Medical Doctors (MDs) are fully licensed physicians in the United States with similar rights, responsibilities, and practicing privileges. They both complete years of rigorous training, attend medical school, and pass licensing exams to practice medicine. In fact, studies show that the quality of care provided by MDs and DOs is statistically the same, with comparable patient outcomes. So, what exactly sets them apart?
Similarities in Training and Practice
It’s crucial to understand that both DOs and MDs are qualified physicians. They both:
- Complete four-year undergraduate degrees.
- Attend four years of medical school.
- Undergo residency training, which can last from three to seven years depending on their chosen specialty.
- Are licensed to practice in all 50 states.
- Can specialize in any area of medicine, from surgery to pediatrics to psychiatry.
- Prescribe medication and perform surgery.
Research has consistently shown that patient outcomes are similar whether they are treated by an MD or a DO. A significant study analyzing Medicare patients found virtually identical results in length of hospital stays, readmission rates, mortality rates, and treatment costs for patients treated by MDs versus DOs. This underscores the comparable quality of care offered by both types of physicians.
Key Differences: Philosophy and Approach
While the paths to becoming a DO and MD are remarkably similar, some core differences exist, primarily in their philosophy of medicine and approach to patient care.
Osteopathic Medicine: A Holistic Approach
Osteopathic medicine emphasizes a “whole-person” approach to healthcare. DOs are trained to look beyond symptoms and consider how lifestyle and environmental factors impact a patient’s well-being. This philosophy is rooted in the understanding that all of the body’s systems are interconnected and work together. A cornerstone of osteopathic training is the study of the musculoskeletal system and osteopathic manipulative treatment (OMT).
Allopathic Medicine: A Targeted Approach
Medical Doctors (MDs) practice allopathic medicine, which focuses on diagnosing and treating diseases using evidence-based medicine, including medication and surgery. While MDs also consider the patient as a whole person, the osteopathic approach explicitly emphasizes the interconnectedness of the body’s systems from the beginning of their training.
Osteopathic Manipulative Treatment (OMT)
A significant differentiator for DOs is their additional training in Osteopathic Manipulative Treatment (OMT). This hands-on technique involves using their hands to diagnose, treat, and prevent illness or injury. DOs receive approximately 200 hours of training in OMT, learning to manipulate muscles and joints to relieve pain, improve range of motion, and support the body’s natural healing processes. While not every DO utilizes OMT in their practice, it provides them with a unique toolset for patient care, particularly in areas like musculoskeletal pain management.
Choosing Between a DO and MD: What Matters Most?
For patients, the most important factor is finding a qualified and compassionate physician they trust, regardless of whether they are a DO or an MD. Both types of doctors are rigorously trained and capable of providing excellent medical care. The choice often comes down to personal preference and the specific needs of the patient.
If you are seeking a physician who emphasizes a holistic approach and may offer hands-on manipulative treatment, a DO might be a good fit. If you are looking for a doctor with a more traditional, symptom-focused approach, an MD would be equally qualified. Ultimately, the best “doctor” is the one who listens to you, understands your concerns, and provides you with the best possible care tailored to your individual needs.
