Choosing a healthcare provider can be confusing, especially when you encounter different medical degrees like DO and MD. Both Doctors of Osteopathic Medicine (DOs) and Doctors of Medicine (MDs) are fully licensed physicians in the United States with similar rights and responsibilities. They both complete rigorous training, including medical school and residency, and must pass licensing exams to practice medicine. In fact, studies have shown that the quality of care provided by MDs and DOs is virtually the same.
One notable study published by the Medicare program examined over 300,000 hospitalized patients. This research compared health outcomes for patients treated by MDs versus those treated by DOs. The findings indicated no significant difference in patient outcomes. Length of hospital stays, readmission rates, death rates, and overall costs were nearly identical between the two groups. This highlights that regardless of whether your doctor is a DO or an MD, you can expect a comparable standard of medical care.
Exploring the Distinctions Between DO and MD
While the quality of care is similar, some key distinctions exist between DOs and MDs, primarily in their educational paths and philosophical approaches to medicine.
Differences in Numbers and Educational Background
One of the most apparent differences is the number of practicing physicians. MDs significantly outnumber DOs in the United States. Statistics show that approximately 9 out of 10 doctors who graduated from U.S. medical schools hold an MD degree. Studies indicate that around 19% of patient visits are to DOs, while the vast majority, 81%, are to MDs.
Both allopathic medical schools (MD programs) and osteopathic medical schools (DO programs) are highly competitive. However, historically, students entering colleges of osteopathic medicine have presented slightly lower average GPAs and MCAT scores compared to their counterparts entering allopathic medical schools. It’s important to note that these slightly lower averages do not necessarily reflect the caliber of students in DO programs. The difference in scores can be attributed to various factors, including the smaller size and different emphasis of osteopathic medical schools. Currently, only about a quarter of medical students in the U.S. are enrolled in colleges of osteopathic medicine.
Interestingly, interest in osteopathic medicine is growing rapidly. Between 2011 and 2022, enrollment in DO programs experienced a significant surge, increasing by 68%. This growth suggests a rising recognition and appreciation for the osteopathic approach to healthcare.
The Osteopathic Advantage: OMM/OMT
A core differentiator in DO training is the emphasis on the musculoskeletal system and its interconnectedness with overall health. DO students receive extensive training in osteopathic manipulative medicine (OMM), also known as osteopathic manipulative treatment (OMT). This specialized training typically involves approximately 200 additional hours of study focusing on hands-on techniques.
OMT encompasses a range of manual techniques designed to diagnose, treat, and prevent illness or injury. DOs use OMT to relieve pain, improve range of motion, and support the body’s natural healing capabilities. OMT is frequently employed to address conditions such as back pain, neck pain, muscle strains, headaches, and other musculoskeletal issues. By understanding the intricate relationship between the body’s structure and function, DOs aim to treat the patient as a whole, not just the symptoms.
Contrasting Medical Approaches: Holistic vs. Targeted
MDs and DOs often exhibit slightly different approaches to patient care, stemming from their distinct medical philosophies.
MDs: A Targeted Approach
MDs, trained in allopathic medicine, typically focus on identifying specific symptoms and arriving at a diagnosis based on those presenting issues. Their approach to treatment tends to be more targeted, often involving medications, surgery, and other interventions aimed at directly addressing the diagnosed disease or condition. This model is highly effective in managing acute illnesses and specific pathologies.
DOs: A Holistic Perspective
DOs, grounded in osteopathic principles, embrace a more holistic approach to medicine. They view the body as an interconnected system where each part influences the others. This holistic philosophy emphasizes treating the “whole person,” considering physical, mental, and emotional factors in health and disease. DOs often place a greater emphasis on preventative medicine and lifestyle modifications. They are more likely to incorporate lifestyle recommendations, such as diet, exercise, and stress management, into their treatment plans, alongside or sometimes instead of medications, particularly for chronic conditions.
While some MDs also adopt a holistic approach, it is a foundational principle embedded in osteopathic medical training and practice. This difference in emphasis can influence how DOs and MDs approach patient care, although both are dedicated to providing high-quality medical treatment.
Conclusion: Choosing the Right Doctor for You
Ultimately, both DOs and MDs are highly qualified and competent physicians capable of providing excellent medical care. The choice between a DO and an MD often comes down to personal preference and the patient’s values. If you are seeking a physician who emphasizes a holistic approach, preventative medicine, and hands-on musculoskeletal care, a DO might be a good fit. If you prefer a more targeted, symptom-based approach, an MD could be equally suitable. Regardless of the degree, the most important factor is finding a doctor with whom you feel comfortable and who meets your individual healthcare needs. Both DOs and MDs are dedicated to helping you achieve and maintain optimal health.
