What Type of Doctor Does Autopsies, and What Do They Do?

Are you curious about who performs autopsies and what their role is in determining the cause of death? Thebootdoctor.net is here to shed light on this critical area of medicine. Typically, autopsies are performed by forensic pathologists, who are medical doctors specializing in examining bodies to determine the cause and manner of death. These medical professionals play a crucial role in both legal and medical contexts. If you’re interested in learning more about foot health and related medical insights, keep reading for comprehensive information and guidance, including details about autopsy procedures, the roles of medical examiners and coroners, and how forensic pathology contributes to public health and legal proceedings.

1. Who Conducts Autopsies: Exploring the Role of a Forensic Pathologist

The primary medical professional who conducts autopsies is a forensic pathologist. These are specialized medical doctors who have in-depth training in pathology and forensic science, focusing on examining deceased bodies to determine the cause and manner of death.

1.1 What Qualifications Does a Forensic Pathologist Need?

Forensic pathologists undergo extensive training to qualify for their role. This training typically includes:

Medical Degree: Completion of medical school, earning either an MD (Doctor of Medicine) or DO (Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine).
Residency in Pathology: Four to five years of residency training in pathology, usually including both anatomical and clinical pathology.
Fellowship in Forensic Pathology: A one- to two-year fellowship specializing in forensic pathology, providing hands-on experience in performing autopsies and working within the legal system.
Board Certification: Certification by the American Board of Pathology in forensic pathology, ensuring a high standard of competence.

1.2 What Does a Forensic Pathologist Do?

A forensic pathologist’s duties extend beyond simply performing autopsies. Their responsibilities include:

Performing Autopsies: Conducting external and internal examinations of the deceased to identify injuries, diseases, or other factors contributing to death.
Collecting Evidence: Gathering tissue samples, fluids, and other evidence for further analysis, such as toxicology or DNA testing.
Analyzing Medical Records: Reviewing the deceased’s medical history to gain insights into pre-existing conditions or treatments that may have influenced the cause of death.
Providing Expert Testimony: Presenting findings in court as expert witnesses, explaining the medical aspects of a case to judges and juries.
Investigating Death Scenes: Sometimes visiting death scenes to gather contextual information that may be relevant to the autopsy findings.
Consulting with Other Experts: Collaborating with other specialists, such as toxicologists, anthropologists, and law enforcement, to provide a comprehensive understanding of the death.
Writing Reports: Preparing detailed reports documenting autopsy findings, conclusions about the cause and manner of death, and any other relevant observations.

1.3 How Forensic Pathology Contributes to Public Health

Forensic pathologists play a critical role in public health by:

Identifying Infectious Diseases: Detecting outbreaks of infectious diseases through autopsy findings, helping to prevent further spread.
Monitoring Occupational Hazards: Recognizing patterns of death related to workplace exposures, leading to improved safety regulations.
Evaluating Medical Treatments: Assessing the effectiveness and safety of medical interventions by examining cases where treatments may have failed.
Contributing to Research: Providing data and samples for research studies aimed at understanding disease processes and improving diagnostic techniques.
Tracking Trends in Mortality: Monitoring trends in causes of death, helping public health officials identify emerging threats and allocate resources effectively.

1.4 What Are the Different Types of Autopsies Performed?

There are primarily two types of autopsies:

Forensic Autopsy: Conducted to determine the cause and manner of death in cases involving suspicious or unexplained circumstances, often ordered by a medical examiner or coroner.
Clinical Autopsy: Performed in hospitals to gain a better understanding of a patient’s illness and to improve medical knowledge, often with the consent of the family.

1.5 What Role Do Medical Examiners Play?

Medical examiners are forensic pathologists appointed by a government entity to investigate deaths that occur under suspicious or unexplained circumstances. They:

Determine the cause and manner of death.
Oversee the medicolegal death investigation system.
Work closely with law enforcement and other agencies.

2. Understanding the Role of Coroners in Death Investigations

Coroners are public officials responsible for investigating deaths, but their qualifications and responsibilities can vary widely. In some jurisdictions, coroners are elected officials who may not have medical training, while in others, they may be physicians.

2.1 What Are the Primary Responsibilities of a Coroner?

The duties of a coroner typically include:

Investigating Deaths: Examining the circumstances surrounding a death to determine the cause and manner.
Identifying the Deceased: Ensuring the deceased is properly identified.
Notifying Next of Kin: Informing the family of the death.
Collecting Evidence: Gathering information and evidence related to the death.
Ordering Autopsies: Requesting autopsies when necessary to determine the cause of death.
Issuing Death Certificates: Officially documenting the cause and manner of death.

2.2 How Does a Coroner Differ From a Medical Examiner?

The key differences between coroners and medical examiners include:

Qualifications: Medical examiners are always physicians with specialized training in forensic pathology, while coroners may or may not have medical training.
Appointment vs. Election: Medical examiners are typically appointed based on their qualifications, while coroners are often elected officials.
Scope of Authority: Medical examiners usually have broader authority to investigate deaths and order autopsies than coroners.

2.3 Why Do Some Counties Use Coroners Instead of Medical Examiners?

Some counties opt to use coroners instead of medical examiners for several reasons:

Cost: Coroners’ systems can be less expensive, particularly in rural or sparsely populated areas.
Availability of Expertise: Qualified forensic pathologists may not be readily available in some areas.
Local Tradition: Some communities have a long-standing tradition of using coroners.

2.4 What Happens When a Coroner Needs an Autopsy Performed?

When a coroner requires an autopsy, they typically contract with a forensic pathologist to perform the examination. This ensures that a qualified medical professional can determine the cause of death, even if the coroner lacks medical training.

2.5 How Can Coroners and Medical Examiners Improve the Death Investigation Process?

To enhance the death investigation process, coroners and medical examiners can:

Ensure Adequate Training: Provide ongoing training for coroners and their staff to improve their investigative skills.
Collaborate with Experts: Work closely with forensic pathologists, law enforcement, and other specialists to gather comprehensive information.
Utilize Technology: Implement modern technology, such as digital imaging and electronic record-keeping, to improve efficiency and accuracy.
Promote Transparency: Foster open communication with the public and media to build trust and understanding.
Advocate for Resources: Advocate for adequate funding and resources to support death investigation efforts.

3. The Autopsy Process: A Detailed Examination

The autopsy process is a meticulous examination of a deceased body to determine the cause and manner of death. It involves both external and internal examinations, as well as the collection of evidence for further analysis.

3.1 What Happens During an External Examination?

The external examination is the first step in the autopsy process and involves a thorough inspection of the body’s surface. Key aspects of this examination include:

Visual Inspection: Examining the body for any signs of injury, such as bruises, lacerations, or fractures.
Documentation: Recording any identifying marks, such as tattoos or scars.
Photography: Taking photographs of the body to document its condition and any injuries present.
Collection of Trace Evidence: Gathering any trace evidence, such as hair, fibers, or debris, from the body’s surface.
Assessment of Rigor Mortis and Livor Mortis: Evaluating the degree of rigor mortis (stiffening of muscles) and livor mortis (pooling of blood) to estimate the time of death.

3.2 What Does an Internal Examination Entail?

The internal examination is a more invasive procedure that involves opening the body and examining its internal organs. Key steps in the internal examination include:

Incisions: Making incisions to open the body cavities, typically using a Y-shaped incision on the chest and abdomen.
Organ Removal: Removing the internal organs for examination, weighing, and measurement.
Tissue Sampling: Taking tissue samples from the organs for microscopic examination (histology).
Examination of the Brain: Removing and examining the brain to identify any abnormalities or injuries.
Fluid Collection: Collecting samples of blood, urine, and other fluids for toxicological analysis.

3.3 How Are Tissue Samples and Fluids Analyzed?

Tissue samples and fluids collected during the autopsy are sent to the laboratory for further analysis. Common types of analysis include:

Histology: Microscopic examination of tissue samples to identify cellular abnormalities, infections, or other pathological changes.
Toxicology: Analysis of blood, urine, and other fluids to detect the presence of drugs, alcohol, or other toxins.
Microbiology: Culturing and identification of microorganisms, such as bacteria or viruses, to determine if infection contributed to the death.
DNA Analysis: Analysis of DNA to identify the deceased, determine relationships, or identify potential suspects in criminal cases.

3.4 What Is a Virtual Autopsy (Virtopsy)?

A virtual autopsy, also known as a virtopsy, is a non-invasive imaging technique that uses CT scans and MRI to create detailed three-dimensional images of the body. Virtopsies can be used to:

Visualize Injuries: Identify fractures, internal bleeding, and other injuries without the need for physical dissection.
Locate Foreign Objects: Detect the presence of bullets, shrapnel, or other foreign objects in the body.
Guide Traditional Autopsies: Provide a roadmap for traditional autopsies, helping pathologists focus on areas of interest.
Document Findings: Create a permanent record of the autopsy findings that can be easily shared with other experts.

3.5 How Technology Improves Autopsy Accuracy

Modern technology has significantly improved the accuracy and efficiency of autopsies. Some key technological advancements include:

Digital Imaging: Digital photography and videography allow for detailed documentation of autopsy findings.
3D Reconstruction: Software tools can create three-dimensional reconstructions of injuries and anatomical structures, enhancing visualization and analysis.
Robotics: Robotic systems can assist with certain aspects of the autopsy, such as organ removal and tissue sampling, improving precision and reducing the risk of contamination.
Data Analysis: Computerized databases and analytical tools can help pathologists identify patterns and trends in autopsy data, leading to more accurate conclusions.

4. Common Reasons for Performing an Autopsy

Autopsies are performed for a variety of reasons, ranging from determining the cause of death in suspicious cases to advancing medical knowledge and improving patient care.

4.1 What Circumstances Warrant an Autopsy?

An autopsy may be warranted in the following circumstances:

Suspicious or Unexplained Deaths: When the cause of death is not immediately apparent or there is suspicion of foul play.
Sudden or Unexpected Deaths: When a person dies suddenly and unexpectedly, especially if they were previously healthy.
Deaths in Custody: When a person dies while in police custody or incarcerated.
Occupational Deaths: When a person dies as a result of workplace injuries or exposures.
Public Health Concerns: When there is a need to identify and track infectious diseases or other public health threats.
Medical Research: When an autopsy can provide valuable information for medical research or education.

4.2 How Do Autopsies Help Solve Crimes?

Autopsies play a crucial role in solving crimes by:

Determining the Cause of Death: Identifying the specific injury or condition that led to the death, such as gunshot wounds, stab wounds, or poisoning.
Estimating the Time of Death: Using various techniques to estimate when the death occurred, helping to establish a timeline of events.
Collecting Evidence: Gathering physical evidence, such as bullets, fibers, or DNA, that can link a suspect to the crime.
Documenting Injuries: Thoroughly documenting the nature and extent of injuries, providing crucial information for investigators and prosecutors.
Providing Expert Testimony: Presenting findings in court as expert witnesses, explaining the medical aspects of the case to judges and juries.

4.3 How Do Autopsies Advance Medical Knowledge?

Autopsies contribute significantly to medical knowledge by:

Identifying New Diseases: Discovering new diseases or variations of existing diseases.
Understanding Disease Processes: Gaining insights into how diseases develop and progress.
Evaluating Medical Treatments: Assessing the effectiveness and safety of medical interventions.
Improving Diagnostic Techniques: Refining diagnostic techniques and developing new methods for detecting diseases.
Educating Medical Professionals: Providing valuable learning opportunities for medical students and practicing physicians.

4.4 What Role Do Autopsies Play in Public Health?

Autopsies are essential for protecting and improving public health by:

Tracking Infectious Diseases: Monitoring the spread of infectious diseases and identifying outbreaks.
Identifying Environmental Hazards: Detecting environmental toxins or pollutants that may be contributing to illness or death.
Evaluating the Effectiveness of Public Health Interventions: Assessing the impact of public health programs and policies.
Monitoring Trends in Mortality: Tracking trends in causes of death to identify emerging threats and allocate resources effectively.
Ensuring the Safety of Medical Products: Monitoring the safety of medical products and devices.

4.5 Are There Legal Requirements for Autopsies?

Legal requirements for autopsies vary depending on the jurisdiction. In general, autopsies may be required in cases involving:

Suspicious or Unexplained Deaths: When there is suspicion of foul play or the cause of death is not immediately apparent.
Deaths in Custody: When a person dies while in police custody or incarcerated.
Occupational Deaths: When a person dies as a result of workplace injuries or exposures.
Public Health Concerns: When there is a need to identify and track infectious diseases or other public health threats.
Certain Types of Accidents: When a person dies as a result of a motor vehicle accident or other type of accident.

5. The Emotional and Ethical Considerations of Autopsies

Performing an autopsy can be an emotionally challenging experience for both the forensic pathologist and the family of the deceased. It is important to approach the process with sensitivity, respect, and ethical awareness.

5.1 How Are Families Involved in the Autopsy Process?

Families play a crucial role in the autopsy process. Their involvement typically includes:

Providing Consent: In many cases, family members must provide consent for an autopsy to be performed, particularly in clinical settings.
Providing Medical History: Sharing the deceased’s medical history, which can provide valuable information for the pathologist.
Receiving Information: Receiving information about the autopsy findings and the cause of death.
Asking Questions: Having the opportunity to ask questions and express concerns.
Making Decisions: Making decisions about the disposition of the body after the autopsy.

5.2 How Do Forensic Pathologists Handle Emotional Stress?

Forensic pathologists face significant emotional stress due to the nature of their work. To cope with this stress, they may:

Seek Support: Seek support from colleagues, friends, or family members.
Engage in Self-Care: Practice self-care activities, such as exercise, meditation, or hobbies.
Attend Counseling: Attend counseling or therapy sessions to process their emotions.
Maintain Professional Boundaries: Maintain professional boundaries to avoid becoming overly attached to cases.
Focus on the Purpose of Their Work: Focus on the importance of their work in providing answers and justice for families.

5.3 What Are the Ethical Considerations in Performing Autopsies?

Ethical considerations are paramount in performing autopsies. Key ethical principles include:

Respect for the Deceased: Treating the deceased with respect and dignity.
Confidentiality: Maintaining the confidentiality of autopsy findings and other sensitive information.
Informed Consent: Obtaining informed consent from family members before performing an autopsy.
Transparency: Being transparent about the autopsy process and findings.
Objectivity: Maintaining objectivity and avoiding bias in the interpretation of findings.
Competence: Ensuring competence in performing autopsies and interpreting findings.

5.4 How Does Cultural Sensitivity Impact Autopsy Practices?

Cultural sensitivity is essential in autopsy practices. Pathologists should be aware of and respect the cultural beliefs and practices of different communities, including:

Religious Beliefs: Understanding religious beliefs about death and burial.
Cultural Practices: Respecting cultural practices related to mourning and grief.
Family Preferences: Honoring family preferences regarding the autopsy process and disposition of the body.
Communication: Communicating with families in a culturally sensitive manner.
Collaboration: Collaborating with cultural leaders and community representatives.

5.5 How Can Autopsies Benefit Families?

While autopsies can be emotionally challenging for families, they can also provide significant benefits, such as:

Providing Answers: Offering answers about the cause of death and the circumstances surrounding it.
Resolving Uncertainty: Resolving uncertainty and alleviating suspicion.
Facilitating Closure: Facilitating closure and helping families move forward in their grief.
Identifying Genetic Risks: Identifying genetic risks that may affect other family members.
Contributing to Research: Contributing to medical research that may benefit others.

6. The Future of Forensic Pathology and Autopsies

The field of forensic pathology is constantly evolving, with new technologies and techniques emerging to improve the accuracy and efficiency of autopsies and death investigations.

6.1 What Are the Latest Advancements in Autopsy Techniques?

Some of the latest advancements in autopsy techniques include:

Minimally Invasive Autopsies: Using imaging techniques and small incisions to perform autopsies with minimal disruption to the body.
Molecular Autopsies: Analyzing DNA and other molecules to identify genetic factors that may have contributed to the death.
3D Printing: Creating three-dimensional models of injuries and anatomical structures using 3D printing technology.
Artificial Intelligence: Using artificial intelligence algorithms to analyze autopsy data and identify patterns that may be missed by human observers.
Virtual Reality: Creating virtual reality simulations of death scenes and autopsy procedures for training and education purposes.

6.2 How Is Technology Changing the Field of Forensic Pathology?

Technology is transforming the field of forensic pathology in numerous ways, including:

Improving Accuracy: Enhancing the accuracy of autopsy findings through advanced imaging and analysis techniques.
Increasing Efficiency: Streamlining the autopsy process and reducing the time required to complete examinations.
Enhancing Communication: Facilitating communication and collaboration among pathologists, investigators, and other experts.
Improving Training: Providing more effective training tools and resources for forensic pathologists.
Expanding Access: Expanding access to forensic pathology services in remote or underserved areas.

6.3 What Role Will Genetics Play in Future Autopsies?

Genetics is expected to play an increasingly important role in future autopsies. Molecular autopsies, which involve analyzing DNA and other molecules, can help to:

Identify Genetic Diseases: Identify genetic diseases that may have contributed to the death.
Determine Predisposition to Disease: Determine an individual’s predisposition to certain diseases.
Identify Drug Metabolism Differences: Identify differences in drug metabolism that may have affected the response to medications.
Determine Ancestry: Determine an individual’s ancestry, which can provide insights into their risk of certain diseases.
Identify Genetic Mutations: Identify genetic mutations that may be relevant to public health.

6.4 How Can Forensic Pathology Address Current Challenges?

Forensic pathology faces several challenges, including:

Shortage of Pathologists: A shortage of qualified forensic pathologists in many areas.
Limited Resources: Limited funding and resources for death investigation efforts.
Increasing Caseloads: Increasing caseloads due to the opioid epidemic and other factors.
Complexity of Cases: The increasing complexity of cases due to advances in medical technology and drug use.
Public Trust: Maintaining public trust in the accuracy and integrity of death investigations.

To address these challenges, forensic pathology can:

Increase Training Opportunities: Increase training opportunities for forensic pathologists.
Advocate for Resources: Advocate for increased funding and resources for death investigation efforts.
Implement Technology: Implement technology to improve efficiency and accuracy.
Collaborate with Other Experts: Collaborate with other experts, such as toxicologists and anthropologists.
Promote Transparency: Promote transparency and accountability in death investigations.

6.5 How Can the Public Support Forensic Pathology?

The public can support forensic pathology by:

Raising Awareness: Raising awareness about the importance of forensic pathology.
Advocating for Funding: Advocating for increased funding for death investigation efforts.
Supporting Training Programs: Supporting training programs for forensic pathologists.
Participating in Research: Participating in research studies related to forensic pathology.
Donating to Organizations: Donating to organizations that support forensic pathology.

7. Foot Health Insights from Thebootdoctor.net

While forensic pathology focuses on determining the cause of death, maintaining good foot health is essential for a vibrant life. Thebootdoctor.net offers a wealth of information and resources to help you care for your feet and address any foot-related issues.

7.1 Common Foot Conditions and Their Impact

Many foot conditions can significantly impact your quality of life. Some common issues include:

Plantar Fasciitis: Inflammation of the plantar fascia, causing heel pain.
Bunions: Bony bumps that form on the joint at the base of the big toe.
Hammertoes: Deformities of the toes that cause them to bend abnormally.
Ingrown Toenails: Toenails that grow into the surrounding skin.
Athlete’s Foot: A fungal infection that causes itching and scaling of the feet.

7.2 Choosing the Right Footwear for Optimal Health

Selecting the right footwear is crucial for maintaining foot health. Consider these factors:

Support: Look for shoes that provide adequate arch support and cushioning.
Fit: Ensure your shoes fit properly, with enough room in the toe box.
Activity: Choose shoes that are appropriate for the activities you engage in.
Material: Opt for breathable materials to prevent moisture buildup.

7.3 Home Remedies and Preventative Measures

Simple home remedies and preventative measures can go a long way in maintaining foot health:

Proper Hygiene: Wash your feet daily and dry them thoroughly.
Regular Exercise: Engage in exercises that strengthen your feet and ankles.
Stretching: Stretch your feet and toes regularly to improve flexibility.
Proper Nail Care: Trim your toenails straight across to prevent ingrown toenails.

7.4 When to Seek Professional Help From a Podiatrist

It’s important to consult a podiatrist if you experience:

Persistent Pain: Foot pain that doesn’t improve with home treatment.
Signs of Infection: Redness, swelling, or pus.
Numbness or Tingling: Loss of sensation in your feet.
Deformities: Changes in the shape of your feet or toes.

7.5 Resources Available at Thebootdoctor.net

Thebootdoctor.net offers valuable resources, including:

Informative Articles: Detailed articles on various foot conditions and treatments.
Expert Advice: Insights from experienced podiatrists and foot care specialists.
Product Reviews: Reviews of footwear and foot care products.
Personalized Recommendations: Personalized recommendations based on your specific needs.

8. Foot Health Tips for Specific Demographics

Different demographics have unique foot health needs. Here are some targeted tips:

8.1 Foot Care for Athletes and Active Individuals

Athletes and active individuals should:

Wear Supportive Shoes: Choose shoes designed for their specific sport or activity.
Replace Shoes Regularly: Replace worn-out shoes to maintain support and cushioning.
Stretch and Warm-Up: Stretch and warm-up before engaging in physical activity.
Treat Injuries Promptly: Seek treatment for injuries as soon as possible.

8.2 Foot Care for People with Diabetes

People with diabetes should:

Inspect Feet Daily: Check their feet daily for any cuts, blisters, or sores.
Maintain Proper Hygiene: Wash and dry their feet thoroughly.
Wear Diabetic Shoes: Wear shoes designed to protect their feet and prevent pressure points.
See a Podiatrist Regularly: Schedule regular appointments with a podiatrist for foot exams.

8.3 Foot Care for Seniors

Seniors should:

Wear Supportive Shoes: Choose shoes that provide good support and stability.
Avoid Walking Barefoot: Avoid walking barefoot to prevent injuries.
Moisturize Feet Regularly: Keep their feet moisturized to prevent dryness and cracking.
Seek Help With Nail Care: Have their toenails trimmed by a podiatrist or trained professional.

8.4 Foot Care for Children

Parents should:

Ensure Proper Shoe Fit: Make sure their children’s shoes fit properly.
Monitor Foot Development: Monitor their children’s foot development for any abnormalities.
Encourage Barefoot Time: Allow children to spend time barefoot to promote natural foot development.
Teach Proper Hygiene: Teach children proper foot hygiene.

8.5 Foot Care for People with Office Jobs

People with office jobs should:

Wear Comfortable Shoes: Choose comfortable shoes that provide good support.
Take Breaks to Stretch: Take breaks throughout the day to stretch their feet and legs.
Use a Footrest: Use a footrest to elevate their feet and reduce pressure.
Consider Orthotics: Consider using orthotics to provide additional support and cushioning.

9. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) About Autopsies

Here are some frequently asked questions about autopsies:

9.1 What is the purpose of an autopsy?

An autopsy is performed to determine the cause and manner of death, gather medical information, and contribute to medical research.

9.2 Who can order an autopsy?

A medical examiner, coroner, or family member (with legal authority) can order an autopsy, depending on the circumstances and jurisdiction.

9.3 Is family consent always required for an autopsy?

No, family consent is not always required, particularly in cases involving suspicious or unexplained deaths where a medical examiner or coroner orders the autopsy.

9.4 How long does an autopsy take?

The duration of an autopsy can vary depending on the complexity of the case, but it typically takes several hours.

9.5 Will an autopsy disfigure the body?

Autopsies are performed with respect and care, and while they do involve incisions, efforts are made to minimize disfigurement.

9.6 What happens to the body after an autopsy?

After an autopsy, the body is typically released to the family for funeral arrangements.

9.7 Are there alternatives to traditional autopsies?

Yes, virtual autopsies (virtopsies) using imaging techniques like CT scans and MRI are alternatives to traditional autopsies in some cases.

9.8 How can I access autopsy reports?

Autopsy reports are typically considered public records, but access may be restricted to certain individuals, such as family members or legal representatives.

9.9 What is the difference between a forensic autopsy and a clinical autopsy?

A forensic autopsy is performed for legal purposes to determine the cause and manner of death, while a clinical autopsy is performed in a hospital to gain medical knowledge and improve patient care.

9.10 How can I support forensic pathology research?

You can support forensic pathology research by donating to organizations that fund research, advocating for increased funding, or participating in research studies.

10. Conclusion: Ensuring Health from Head to Toe

Understanding the role of forensic pathologists and the importance of autopsies is crucial for public health and legal proceedings. Additionally, taking care of your foot health is essential for maintaining a vibrant and active life. Whether you’re an athlete, someone with diabetes, or simply looking to improve your overall well-being, Thebootdoctor.net offers a wealth of resources and expert advice to help you put your best foot forward.

For more in-depth information on foot care, common foot conditions, and expert recommendations, we invite you to explore the articles and resources available on our website. Your journey to healthier feet starts here, with Thebootdoctor.net.
Address: 6565 Fannin St, Houston, TX 77030, United States. Phone: +1 (713) 791-1414. Website: thebootdoctor.net.